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Subject: Standard J
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_J
The Standard J was a two-seat basic trainer two-bay biplane produced in the
United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inline Hall-Scott
A-7a engine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering.
The J-1 was built as a stopgap to supplement the Curtiss JN-4 in production.
Charles Healy Day had designed the preceding Sloan H series of aircraft, and
continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation (later Standard Aircraft
Corporation). Four companies, Standard, Dayton-Wright, Fisher Body, and
Wright-Martin, delivered 1,601 J-1s between June 1917 and June 1918. The
Standard J-1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly
swept-back wing planform, triangular king posts above the upper wings, and the
front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing's
leading edge, just about where the forward wing spar of the lower wing panel
attaches to the fuselage.
Role
Trainer
National origin
United States
Manufacturer
Standard Aircraft Corporation
Designer
Charles Healy Day
First flight
1916
Number built
1,600+
Unit cost
$6,000
Developed from
Sloan H series
Although produced in large numbers, its four-cylinder Hall-Scott A-7a engine was
unreliable and vibrated badly. While JN-4 production outnumbered J-1s by about
two to one to June 1918, fatalities in JN-4s versus J-1s was about seven to one
as a result of the limited use of the J-1s. Few later production J-1s left their
delivery crates.
In June 1918, all Standard J-1s were grounded, although training remained
intensive. Sufficient JN-4s were available to meet training needs, and at $2,000
per aircraft it was not cost-effective to convert them to use Curtiss OX-5
engines. Contracts for 2,600+ JS-1s were canceled, and those not used for ground
instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped. Curtiss, which
produced its competitor (the Curtiss JN) bought surplus J-1s which they modified
with different powerplants, for resale.
Many J-1s were flown by civilian flying schools, and for joy-riding and
barnstorming operations, until they were worn out, or were forced into
retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger
aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high-profile accidents.
Specifications (SJ)
General characteristics
Crew: 2
Length: 26 ft 7 in (8.10 m)
Upper wingspan: 43 ft 11 in (13.39 m)
Lower wingspan: 32 ft (9.8 m)
Height: 10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
Wing area: 429 sq ft (39.9 m2)
Airfoil: R.A.F No 3
Empty weight: 1,350 lb (612 kg)
Gross weight: 1,950 lb (885 kg)
Fuel capacity: 31 US gal (26 imp gal; 120 L)
Performance
Maximum speed: 68 mph (109 km/h; 59 kn)
Stall speed: 37 mph (60 km/h; 32 kn)
Range: 350 mi (304 nmi; 563 km)
Time to altitude: 10 minutes to 2,600 ft (790 m)
*
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