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Read Slowly to Benefit Your Brain and Cut Stress
At Least 30 Minutes of Uninterrupted Reading With a Book or E-Book Helps
By JEANNE WHALEN
Updated Sept. 16, 2014 1:04 a.m. ET
Once a week, members of a Wellington, New Zealand, book club arrive at a
cafe, grab a drink and shut off their cellphones. Then they sink into
cozy chairs and read in silence for an hour.
The point of the club isn't to talk about literature, but to get away
from pinging electronic devices and read, uninterrupted. The group calls
itself the Slow Reading Club, and it is at the forefront of a movement
populated by frazzled book lovers who miss old-school reading.
Slow reading advocates seek a return to the focused reading habits of
years gone by, before Google, smartphones and social media started
fracturing our time and attention spans. Many of its advocates say they
embraced the concept after realizing they couldn't make it through a
book anymore.
"I wasn't reading fiction the way I used to," said Meg Williams, a 31-
year-old marketing manager for an annual arts festival who started the
club. "I was really sad I'd lost the thing I used to really, really
enjoy."
Slow readers list numerous benefits to a regular reading habit, saying
it improves their ability to concentrate, reduces stress levels and
deepens their ability to think, listen and empathize. The movement
echoes a resurgence in other old-fashioned, time-consuming pursuits that
offset the ever-faster pace of life, such as cooking the "slow-food" way
or knitting by hand.
The benefits of reading from an early age through late adulthood have
been documented by researchers. A study of 300 elderly people published
by the journal Neurology last year showed that regular engagement in
mentally challenging activities, including reading, slowed rates of
memory loss in participants' later years.
A study published last year in Science showed that reading literary
fiction helps people understand others' mental states and beliefs, a
crucial skill in building relationships. A piece of research published
in Developmental Psychology in 1997 showed first-grade reading ability
was closely linked to 11th grade academic achievements.
Yet reading habits have declined in recent years. In a survey this year,
about 76% of Americans 18 and older said they read at least one book in
the past year, down from 79% in 2011, according to the Pew Research
Center.
Attempts to revive reading are cropping up in many places. Groups in
Seattle, Brooklyn, Boston and Minneapolis have hosted so-called silent
reading parties, with comfortable chairs, wine and classical music.
Diana La Counte of Orange County, Calif., set up what she called a
virtual slow-reading group a few years ago, with members discussing the
group's book selection online, mostly on Facebook. "When I realized I
read Twitter more than a book, I knew it was time for action," she says.
Screens have changed our reading patterns from the linear, left-to-right
sequence of years past to a wild skimming and skipping pattern as we
hunt for important words and information.
One 2006 study of the eye movements of 232 people looking at Web pages
found they read in an "F" pattern, scanning all the way across the top
line of text but only halfway across the next few lines, eventually
sliding their eyes down the left side of the page in a vertical movement
toward the bottom.
None of this is good for our ability to comprehend deeply, scientists
say. Reading text punctuated with links leads to weaker comprehension
than reading plain text, several studies have shown. A 2007 study
involving 100 people found that a multimedia presentation mixing words,
sounds and moving pictures resulted in lower comprehension than reading
plain text did.
Slow reading means a return to a continuous, linear pattern, in a quiet
environment free of distractions. Advocates recommend setting aside at
least 30 to 45 minutes in a comfortable chair far from cellphones and
computers. Some suggest scheduling time like an exercise session. Many
recommend taking occasional notes to deepen engagement with the text.
Some hard-core proponents say printed books are best, in part because
they're more visible around the house and serve as a reminder to read.
But most slow readers say e-readers and tablets are just fine,
particularly if they're disconnected from the Internet.
Abeer Hoque, who has attended a few of the silent reading parties in
Brooklyn, N.Y., said she plans to read a book on her phone next time,
but turn it to airplane mode to stop new emails and social-media
notifications from distracting her.
When Ms. Williams, who majored in literature in college, convened her
first slow reading club in Wellington, she handed out tips for
productive reading and notebooks for jotting down favorite words and
passages. Each time they meet, the group gathers for a few minutes to
slowly breathe in and out to clear their minds before cracking open
their books, as in yoga.
Roughly 20 to 30 readers have shown up for Sunday evening sessions, Ms.
Williams says. Most new members fill out a brief survey on their
experience with many describing it as calm, peaceful and meditative, she
says.
http://online.wsj.com/articles/read-slowly-to-benefit-your-brain-and-
cut-stress-1410823086
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